Who's
Who? (1527-1954)
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WHO'S WHO IN VIET NAM HISTORY? |
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Hong Bang |
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1(2879BC) |
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National Founder |
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6 |
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7 |
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8 |
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9 |
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10 |
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11 |
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12 |
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13 |
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14 |
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15 |
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16 |
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17 |
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18(258BC) |
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ng
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ng
c
T
c
n
m
p
nh
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Kinh Duong Vuong reigns over the Xich Quy kingdom that spread in the North up to the Blue river; in the South to Central Viet Nam; in the West up to Sseutch'ouan; and in the East as far as the sea. The Hong Bang dynasty that reigns over the Van Lang kingdom situated in Tonquin and in the Northern part of Central Viet Nam. |
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The Thuc dynasty |
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257-208 |
An D |
Th |
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The Trieu dynasty |
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207-136 |
Tri |
Tri |
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136-124 |
D |
Tri |
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124-112 |
Tri |
Tri |
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112 |
Tri |
Tri |
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111BC |
Tri |
Tri |
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V
n V
n
Đ
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Chinese general Tch'ao To (Trieu Da) who reigns over the Nan-yue (Nam Viet) kingdom with capital at Fan-yu, subdued the Au Lac kingdom. He founded the Trieu dynasty that reigns at Fan-yu. In Tonquin (Kiao-tche, Giao Chi), legend of My Chau and Trong Thuy attached to the Co Loa capital (Phuc Yen province). |
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Trung Nu Vuong |
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39-43AD |
Tr |
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First queens |
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c
& Nh|
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Trung Trac and
Trung Nhi,
Trieu Thi Trinh,
fought for Viet Nam's independence against China in 248. Defeated at the age
of 23, she committed suicide. |
The earlier Ly and Trieu |
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544-548 |
Lư Nam Đ |
Lư Bôn |
Thiên Đ |
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549-555 |
Lư Đa |
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Thiên B |
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549-570 |
Tri |
Tri |
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571-602 |
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Lư Ph |
Lang V
o
u
Lư Nam Đ
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The Ngo dynasty |
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Emperor |
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Reign Title |
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939-944 |
Ngô V |
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Ngô Quy |
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944-950 |
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c |
Tam Kha |
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950-965 |
Ngô Nam T |
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X |
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951-959 |
Ngô Thiên S |
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X |
nh V
p
ngôi
n
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In a protracted
war which ended with the celebrated battle of Bach Dang. General Ngo
Quyen vanquished the Chinese invaders and founded the first National
dynasty. Ngo Quyen transfered the capital to Co Loa, the capital of Au Lac
Kingdom, thus affirming the continuity of the traditions of the Lac Viet
people. Ngo Quyen spent 6 years of his reign fighting the continual revolts
of the feudal lords. At his death in 967, the kingdom fell into chaos and
became known as the land of "Thap Nhi Su Quan", the 12 feudal principlities
constantly fighting each other. |
The Dinh dynasty |
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968-979 |
Đinh Tiên Ho |
B |
Th |
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980 |
Đinh Ph |
Đinh To |
Th |
nh|
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The most
powerful of the 12 feudal lords, Dinh Bo Linh rapidly ruled out the
others. He reunified the country and took the imperial title of "Dinh Tien
Hoang De" (The First August Emperor Dinh). He negotiated a non-aggression
treaty in exchange for tributes payable to the Chinese every 3 years. This
set the traditions with China which were to last for centuries. On the
domestic front, Dinh Tien Hoang established a royal court and a hierarchy of
civil and military servants. He instated a rigorous justice system and
introduced the death penalty to serve as a deterrent to all who threatened
the new order of the new kingdom. He organized a regular army divided into
10 Dao. Security and order were progressively re-established, inaugurating a
new era of "Thai Binh" (peace). He was assasinated in 979 by a palace guard,
who according to the Annals, saw "a star falling into his mouth" - a
celestial omen heralding promotion. The heir to the throne was only 6 years
old. |
The earlier Le dynasty |
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980-1005 |
Lê Đ |
Lê Ho |
Thiên Ph |
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1005 (3d) |
Lê Trung Tông |
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Long Vi |
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1006-1009 |
Lê Long Đ |
(Lê Ng |
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c
a
Tri|
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Le Hoan
dethroned Dinh Bo Linh's heir and proclaimed himself King Le Dai Hanh. He
retained the capital in Hoa Luu and succeeded in warding off several Chinese
invasions. With peace assured on the northern border, he decided to pacify
the South. In 982, Le Dai Hanh launched a military expedition against the
Genghis Khan,
original name Temujin (1167?-1227), Mongol conqueror, whose nomad armies
created a vast empire under his control, from China to Russia. He was born
near Lake Baikal in Russia, the son of Yesukai, a Mongol chief and ruler of
a large region between the Amur River and the Great Wall of China. At the
age of 13, Temujin succeeded his father as tribal chief. His early reign was
marked by successive revolts of his subject tribes and an intense struggle
to retain his leadership, but the Mongol ruler soon demonstrated his
military genius and conquered not only his intractable subjects but his
hostile neighbors as well. By 1206 Temujin was master of almost all of
Mongolia. In that year, a convocation of the subjugated tribes proclaimed
him Genghis Khan (Chinese chêng-sze, "precious warrior"; Turkish khan,
"lord"), leader of the united Mongol and Tatar tribes; the city of Karakorum
was designated his capital. The khan then began his conquest of China. By
1208 he had established a foothold inside the Great Wall, and in 1213 he led
his armies south and west into the area dominated by the Juchen Chin (or
Kin) dynasty (1122-1234), not stopping until he reached the Shantung
Peninsula. In 1215 his armies captured Yenking (now Beijing), the last Chin
stronghold in northern China, and in 1218 the Korean Peninsula fell to the
Mongols. In 1219, in retaliation for the murder of some Mongol traders,
Genghis Khan turned his armies westward, invading Khoresm, a vast Turkish
empire that included modern Iraq, Iran, and part of Western Turkestan.
Looting and massacring, the Mongols swept through Turkestan and sacked the
cities of Bukhoro and Samarqand. In what are now northern India and
Pakistan, the invaders conquered the cities of Peshawar and Lahore and the
surrounding countryside. In 1222 the Mongols marched into Russia and
plundered the region between the Volga and Dnepr rivers and from the Persian
Gulf almost to the Arctic Ocean. The greatness of the khan as a military
leader was borne out not only by his conquests but by the excellent
organization, discipline, and maneuverability of his armies. Moreover, the
Mongol ruler was an admirable statesman; his empire was so well organized
that, so it was claimed, travelers could go from one end of his domain to
the other without fear or danger. At his death, on August 18, 1227, the
Mongol Empire was divided among his three sons and gradually dissipated.
Four of his grandsons, however, became great Mongol leaders in their own
right. Genghis Khan's invasions were of great historical importance long
after his death, for the Turks, who fled before him, were driven to their
own invasion of Europe. |
The Ly dynasty |
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1010-1028 |
Lư Th |
Lư Công U |
Thu |
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1028-1054 |
Lư Th |
Lư Ph |
Thiên Th |
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1054-1072 |
Lư Th |
Lư Nh |
Long Th |
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1072-1128 |
Lư Nhân Tông |
Lư C |
Th |
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1128-1138 |
Lư Th |
Lư D |
Thiên Thu |
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1138-1175 |
Lư Anh Tông |
Lư Thiên T |
Thi |
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1176-1210 |
Lư Cao Tông |
Lư Long C |
Trinh Ph |
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1211-1224 |
Lư Hu |
Lư S |
Ki |
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1224-1225 |
Lư Chiêu Ho |
Chiêu Th |
Thiên Ch |
n
n
Tông
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Ly Cong Uan was a disciple of a famous monk, Van Hanh, who helped him into power in the Hoa Luu Court. Assuming the name Ly Thai To, the new sovereign inaugurated his dynasty with a change of capital. According to the Annals, king Ly Thai To saw the apparition of an ascending dragon on the site of the future capital and decided to name it Thang Long (Ascending Dragon). |
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Ly Thanh Tong rechristened the country Dai Viet. |
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Ly Thai Tong, Ly Anh Tong, and Ly Cao Tong led the Buddhist sects of Thao Duong and founded some 150 monasteries in the region of Thang Long. The Ly dynasty consolidated the monarchy by setting up a centralized government and establishing a tax system, a judiciary system and a professional army. Important public works, including the building of dikes and canals, were undertaken inorder to develop argriculture and settle the population. Vietnamese art and culture thrived during the Ly dynasty. |
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The Tran dynasty |
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1225-1258 |
Tr |
Tr |
Ki |
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1258-1278 |
Tr |
Tr |
Thi |
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1279-1293 |
Tr |
Tr |
Thi |
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1293-1314 |
Tr |
Tr |
H |
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1314-1329 |
Tr |
Tr |
Đ |
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1329-1341 |
Tr |
Tr |
Khai H |
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1341-1369 |
Tr |
Tr |
Thi |
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1369-1370 |
D |
(c |
Đ |
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1370-1372 |
Tr |
Tr |
Thi |
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1373-1377 |
Tr |
Tr |
Long Kh |
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1377-1388 |
Tr |
Tr |
X |
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1388-1398 |
Tr |
Tr |
Quang Th |
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1398-1400 |
Tr |
Tr |
Ki |
ng
nh|
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Princess Huyen Tran, married to the King of Champa in 1307. The marriage extended the national territory southwards with the peaceful annexation of the Hue region and at the same time inaugurated the politics and diplomatic marriage. |
Tran Hung Dao
(1213-1300), Vietnamese general. In 1284, Kublai Khan leads a 500,000-man
Chinese army into Viet Nam. Guerrillas organized by Tran Hung Dao virtually
destroy the invasion force. 
Kublai Khan
(1215-94), Mongol military leader, founder and first emperor (1279-94) of
the Mongol Yüan dynasty in China, grandson of the Mongol conqueror Genghis
Khan and his best-known successor. Kublai Khan completed the conquest of
China that was begun by his grandfather. From 1252 to 1259 he aided his
brother Mangu Khan in the conquest of southern China, penetrating
successfully as far as Tibet and Tonkin. Upon the death of Mangu in 1259 he
became the khan, or ruler. Between 1260 and 1279 he succeeded in driving the
Kin Tatars out of northern China and in subduing rebellious factions among
the Mongols. In 1264 he founded his capital on the site now occupied by
Beijing; it was called Khanbalik, which is romanized as Cambaluc or Cambalu.
He relinquished all claims to the parts of the Mongol Empire outside China,
consolidated his hold on China, and in 1279 established the Yüan dynasty as
the successor to the Southern Sung dynasty. He undertook foreign wars in
attempts to enforce tribute claims on neighboring states, conquering Burma
and Korea. His military expeditions to Java and Japan, however, met with
disaster. His name was known all over Asia and also in Europe. The court at
Cambaluc attracted an international group of adventurous men, including the
famous Venetian traveler Marco Polo. Kublai Khan did much to encourage the
advancement of literature and the arts. He was a devout Buddhist and made
Buddhism the state religion, but during his reign other religions were also
tolerated. |
The Ho dynasty |
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1400-1401 |
H |
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Th |
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1401-1407 |
H |
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Thi |
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Le Qui Ly, founded a dynasty under his ancestral name of Ho. Under Ho, the competitive examination system for administrators was modified to demand more practical knowledge of peasant life, mathematics, history, the Confucian classics and literature. Legal reforms were undertaken and a medical service established. In 1407, The Ming intervention provoked the fall of the Ho dynasty. During the short period of Chinese occupation that followed, the Vietnamese suffered the most inhuman exploitation. |
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The later Tran dynasty |
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1407-1409 |
Tr |
Tr |
H |
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1409-1414 |
Tr |
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Tr |
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The Le dynasty |
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1428-1433 |
Lê Th |
Lê L |
Thu |
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1433-1442 |
Lê Th |
Lê Nguyên Long |
Thi |
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1442-1459 |
Lê Nhân Tông |
Lê Bang C |
Th |
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1459 |
Lê Nghi Dân |
(c |
Thiên H |
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1460-1497 |
Lê Th |
Lê T |
H |
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1498-1504 |
Lê Hi |
Lê Tang |
C |
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1504 |
Lê T |
Lê Thu |
Th |
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1505-1509 |
Lê Uy M |
Lê Tu |
Đoan Kh |
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1509-1516 |
Lê T |
Lê Oanh |
H |
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1516-1522 |
Lê Chiêu Tông |
Lê Ư |
Quang Thi |
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1522-1527 |
Lê Cung Ho |
Lê Xuân |
Th |
ng
c|
Le Loi, Vietnamese emperor (1428-1433), established the kingdom of Dai Viet. He organized a resistance movement from his village and waged a guerrilla war against the China's Ming Empire. By employing a strategy of surprise attacks targeting his adversary's weakest points, Le Loi managed to further weaken the enemy and at the same time avoid combat with the superior Chinese forces. His enforcement of strict military discipline ensured that no pillaging was carried out by his troops in the regions under his control and this made him a very popular hero. |
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Le Thai Tong, Vietnamese emperor, son of Le Thai To. His sudden death was followed by a decade of confusion marked by intrigues and plots within the Royal Court. |
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Under his 36 year reign the country prospered as never before. Le Thanh Tong revised the fiscal system, encouraged argriculture and placed great emphasis on customs and moral principles. A writer himself, he founded the Tao Dan Academy and wrote the first volume of national history. He reorganized army won an easy victory over the Champa army in 1471. His farmer-soldiers excelled not only on the battlefields, but also in the fields where they established militarized argricultural communities wherever they went. In this way the national territory was gradually expanded southwards, until finally the Champa Kingdom was completely absorbed and assimilated in 1673. |
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Alexandre de Rhodes,
the misionary who traveled through out Asia in the 17th century. An
accomplished linguist, he improvised Portuguese into Quoc Ngu, still in use
today, to transcribe the Vietnamese language in Roman letters instead of
Chinese ideographs. 
ng
n
Tông
n
Đ
n
Nh
Quang Trung
(1752-1792) was born in Kien Thanh hamlet, Binh Thanh village, Binh Khe
district (Binh Dinh province). In 1788, the Qing court decided to send an
expeditionary corps to conquer the divided country. Nguyen Hue proclaimed
himself Emperor Quang Trung in Phu Xuan and overran the Chinese troops in a
whirlwind campaign. He pacified the Northern part of the country from the
Chinese border to the Hai Van pass in the Center and devoted his energies to
national rehabilitation, administrative reorganization and economic
development. Significantly, Quang Trung replaced the
ng
Tông
Gia Long,
nicknamed Nguyen Anh, founding emperor of the
Le Van Duyet
(1763-1832), regional official in South Viet Nam during 19th century. In
1799, he led Nguyen forces against the 
Pierre Pigneau de Be'haine, Bishop of Adran, the Catholic missionary
who first evoked France's interest in Viet Nam. He befriended a pretender to
the Vietnamese throne, 
Prince Canh,
Minh Mang,
Nguyen's 2nd emperor, once prince Mien Tong, son of Gia Long, a gentle
scholar who French propagandists of the time depicted as a cruel tyrant. The
Catholic missions had sped up their evangelization of the people provoked
Ming Mang's anti-Catholic policy which ordered the prosecution of Catholic
missionaries and their Vietnamese converts. The anti-Catholic policy gave
French a pretext to intervene in Viet Nam. The landing of a French party in
the port of Tourane, in August 1858, heralded the beginning of the colonial
occupation which was to last almost a century.
Phan Thanh
Gian (1796-1867). In 1826, he earned a doctorate in the civil service
examaminations and entered the imperial bureaucracy. He served as a deputy
chief of a diplomatic mission to China, and later was named province chief
in Quang Nam and Binh Dinh provinces. In 1862 he was appointed to negotiate
a treaty with Napoleon III following the defeat by French forces at Ky Hoa.
When the French violated the pact, Phan commited suicide after pledging his
sons never to cooperate with France. 
Tu Duc,
Nguyen's 4th emperor, whose crass persecution of Christians in his realm
provided France with a pretext to pursue its colonial encroachment in the
region. The execution of a Spanish bishop in 1857 led to the French capture
of Saigon in 1859, and three years later Tu Duc was forced to cede part of
Cochin China; by 1867 France had annexed all of it. Tu Duc's later attempt
to play the French against intervention by China succeeded only in the
French occupation of Tonkin in 1882, but he died shortly before the final
reduction of his country to a French protectorate in 1883. 
Ham Nghi,
Nguyen's 8th emperor. After establishment of French Protectorate in 1884.
Brother of Emperor Kien Phuc, who died after a brief reign in 1884,
Ham Nghi rose to the throne at the age of twelve. In July 1845 he fled the
capital of Hue with Regent 
Dong Khanh,
Nguyen's 9th emperor, selected by the French to rule because of his
docility. 
Thanh Thai,
Nguyen's 10th emperor under the French Protectorate. A son of Emperor Duc
Duc, who reigned for only 3 days. He resented French domination and was
deposed on suspicion of conspiracy in 1907. Exiled to the island of Reunion,
he was later returned to Viet Nam. 
Duy Tan,
Nguyen's 11th emperor 
Khai Dinh,
Nguyen's 12th emperor 
Bao Dai,
last emperor of the Nguyen dynasty of Viet Nam. He succeeded to the throne
in 1926 and ruled under French and—during the last days of World War
II—Japanese protection until forced out by the Viet Minh in 1945. He
returned in 1949 to head the new state of Viet Nam, set up by France to
rival the Communist government of Ho Chi Minh. After Viet Nam's partition in
1954, Bao Dai remained head of state in South Viet Nam until deposed by
Premier Ngo Dinh Diem the following year. Thereafter he lived in exile.
= cac anh hung chong Phap
Truong Cong
Dinh
Ton That
Thuyet
Phan Dinh
Phung
Hoang Hoa
Tham
Phan Boi Chau
Cuong De
Luong Van Can
Phan Chu Trinh
Nguyen Thai
Hoc
